About About Erik Erikson’s Theory
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development,first published in 1950,outlined Erikson Stages eight stages that a person has to go through to achieve health. Each stage is distinguished by a crisis which either alters or ruins the individual’s character. The theory builds on Freud’s psychosexual phases and also includes influences from society. It has been criticised for its generalizations,yet it continues to play an important component of psychological thinking. It was also useful in re-conceptualizing the ages of middle- and late-adulthood,which allowed us to view them as times of active personal growth instead of just an opportunity to survive.
The infancy stage,the first extends from birth until around 18 months. In this stage infants are totally dependent on the caregivers. The baby learns to trust their caregivers through watching their responses to their needs,including comforting and feeding. The quality of treatment they receive at this stage will have lasting effects in their feelings of security and self.
The second stage of development for toddlers is called “tweenhood” in Erikson’s psychosocial development theory and takes place between 18 months and 2 years. It is at this point that a child’s sense of independence grows. The success or failure in this process will have an enormous impact on the growth of their personality. If a child is unable to overcome the feelings of guilt or doubt at this time,they will remain in a battle with these feelings throughout their life. But,when a child is able to successfully get through this phase,they will be able to establish intimate relationships later on in life.
The third phase of Erikson’s theories is preschool,which occurs between the three and five years old. At this stage the children are learning to be social and establish a strong sense of self-belief. Parents and teachers must encourage positive relationships with children at this age. Positive interactions aid in increase the independence of the child as well as providing support and guidance to their efforts. Negative behavior,like the indifference and criticism could damage the self-esteem of children.
The fourth phase of Erikson’s theories is elementary school which is between the ages of 6 and 12. At this point,that children begin to feel pressure from other people including teachers and classmates. It is also the time where a child develops their sense of industry or the ability to be a hard worker towards objectives and goals. The children who are praised for their efforts and encouraged by their instructors will create a sense of accomplishment and not have to compare themselves to others.
At the age of middle-age the majority of people think about their own mortality. Some people may feel regret over things they’ve performed or did not do. If someone is able to resolve the challenges at this point it is likely that they will have a rich and fulfilling retirement. However,if they do not resolve these issues in time,they may face an unplanned crisis in their mid-life that could create serious mental health issues.